Supplement
Alpha-tocopherol
SaveThe most biologically active form of vitamin E in humans, functioning as a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from peroxidation.
Quick verdict
Dietary adequacy matters, but high-dose supplementation has not shown consistent benefits and may carry risks. Food sources are preferable.
Evidence score
A rough internal score reflecting quantity, quality, and consistency of human evidence. Not a clinical recommendation.
What the research shows
The SELECT trial found no cancer benefit and a possible prostate cancer signal at 400 IU/day. The ATBC trial showed mixed results. Low-dose supplementation to correct deficiency is well-supported.
Benefits
- Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes
- Corrects clinical deficiency effectively
- Supports immune function at moderate doses
Dosage notes
15 mg (22.4 IU) is the RDA. Supplemental doses above 200 IU/day lack clear benefit-risk support.
Side effects
- Increased bleeding risk at high doses
- Nausea
- Fatigue
Who should be cautious
High doses (≥400 IU/day) associated with increased all-cause mortality in some meta-analyses. May increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants.
What this page cannot tell you
Isolated alpha-tocopherol supplementation may deplete gamma-tocopherol. Mixed tocopherols may be preferable.
Leaderboard scores
- Immunity42
- Longevity35
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