EPA

Strong evidence for triglyceride lowering and cardiovascular event reduction (REDUCE-IT). EPA-only formulations may outperform EPA+DHA for cardiovascular outcomes.

A rough internal score reflecting quantity, quality, and consistency of human evidence. Not a clinical recommendation.

REDUCE-IT trial: icosapent ethyl (purified EPA, 4 g/day) reduced major cardiovascular events by 25% in high-risk patients. Resolvin E-series production supports inflammation resolution. Triglyceride lowering of 20–45% at therapeutic doses.

• 25% cardiovascular event reduction in REDUCE-IT
• Potent triglyceride lowering
• Anti-inflammatory via resolvin E production

1–2 g/day for general health. 4 g/day of icosapent ethyl for high-risk cardiovascular patients (prescription).

• Fishy burps
• GI discomfort
• Increased bleeding risk
• Atrial fibrillation (at 4 g/day)

High doses increase bleeding risk. Atrial fibrillation signal at 4 g/day in REDUCE-IT. Fish-derived EPA may contain contaminants (supplements are purified).

REDUCE-IT used a mineral oil placebo criticised for potentially inflating the treatment effect. STRENGTH trial (EPA+DHA) did not show the same benefit.

• Longevity70
• Mood48
• Recovery42