Ergothioneine

Strong epidemiological associations with reduced mortality and cognitive decline. The dedicated transporter suggests evolutionary importance. Clinical intervention data are still early.

A rough internal score reflecting quantity, quality, and consistency of human evidence. Not a clinical recommendation.

Produced by fungi; humans obtain it exclusively from diet (mushrooms, organ meats). Low blood ergothioneine levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and frailty in epidemiological studies. The OCTN1 transporter suggests a conserved biological role. RCTs are in early stages.

• Unique dedicated transporter (OCTN1) suggests biological importance
• Accumulates in mitochondria-rich tissues
• Epidemiological link to reduced cognitive decline

5–25 mg/day from supplements. Mushroom consumption (especially king oyster) provides dietary ergothioneine.

• No known side effects at supplemental doses

No significant safety concerns at dietary or supplemental levels. Very expensive as a pure compound.

Epidemiological associations are not proof of causation. Intervention trials are nascent.

• Longevity45
• Focus30