Lycopene

Strong epidemiological associations with prostate and cardiovascular health, but interventional trials are less consistent. Dietary sources (cooked tomatoes) may be superior to supplements.

A rough internal score reflecting quantity, quality, and consistency of human evidence. Not a clinical recommendation.

Multiple prospective cohort studies associate higher lycopene intake with reduced prostate cancer risk (20-30% reduction in highest vs. lowest intake). It reduces LDL oxidation and may improve endothelial function. However, interventional trials have produced mixed results, and dietary lycopene from tomato products may work synergistically with other tomato compounds.

• Associated with reduced prostate cancer risk in epidemiological studies
• Potent antioxidant that reduces LDL oxidation
• May support cardiovascular health and skin photoprotection

Supplemental doses: 10-30 mg daily. Lycopene from cooked tomatoes (with fat) has superior bioavailability.

• Very well-tolerated
• Lycopenodermia (orange skin discoloration) at very high doses
• Rare GI discomfort

Generally very safe. High supplemental doses may interact with blood thinners. Lycopenodermia (orange skin) at very high doses is harmless but cosmetically notable.

Epidemiological associations do not prove causation. Tomato products may be more effective than isolated lycopene due to food matrix effects. Interventional trial results are inconsistent.

• Longevity50
• Immunity30