Medicine
Testosterone
SaveThe primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. FDA-approved for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in hypogonadal men. Critical for muscle mass, bone density, libido, and mood.
Quick verdict
Strong evidence for restoring function in clinically hypogonadal men. Supraphysiologic use for performance carries significant cardiovascular and endocrine risks.
Evidence score
A rough internal score reflecting quantity, quality, and consistency of human evidence. Not a clinical recommendation.
What the research shows
The Testosterone Trials (TTrials) demonstrated improvements in sexual function, physical activity, bone density, and anemia in hypogonadal men over 65. TRAVERSE trial showed no excess MACE risk at replacement doses. Supraphysiologic doses increase muscle mass but with dose-dependent cardiovascular and hepatic risk.
Benefits
- Restores libido, energy, and mood in hypogonadal men
- Increases muscle mass and bone mineral density
- Improves anemia in elderly hypogonadal men
Dosage notes
TRT: 50–100 mg IM weekly or 1% gel 50–100 mg daily, targeting mid-normal range levels. Requires monitoring of hematocrit, PSA, and lipids.
Side effects
- Polycythemia
- Acne
- Testicular atrophy
- Sleep apnea worsening
- Mood changes
Who should be cautious
Polycythemia, sleep apnea exacerbation, prostate monitoring required. Suppresses endogenous production (HPG axis). Contraindicated in breast or prostate cancer. Controlled substance.
What this page cannot tell you
Benefits are clearest in men with confirmed hypogonadism. Healthy eugonadal men see less benefit and more risk. Female use requires specialist guidance.
Leaderboard scores
- Libido85
- Muscle80
- Energy65
- Mood55
- Recovery55
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