Vilon

One of the simplest Khavinson peptides (just two amino acids). Evidence for bioactive effects of a dipeptide at oral doses is inherently implausible without strong evidence, which is lacking.

A rough internal score reflecting quantity, quality, and consistency of human evidence. Not a clinical recommendation.

Khavinson group publications claim gene-expression effects and geroprotective activity. Biological plausibility of an oral dipeptide reaching target tissues intact is questioned.

• Claimed immune modulation in Khavinson research
• Simple and inexpensive to synthesize

Russian protocols: 5–10 mg/day orally for 10–30 day courses.

• Not well characterized

No evidence of efficacy by international standards. Oral dipeptide bioavailability is a fundamental concern.

Biological plausibility is very low for a simple dipeptide at oral doses. Evidence is confined to a single research group.

• Immunity10
• Longevity10